Jacob Salama · International Tax Lawyer · Colegiado nº 11.294 ICAMálaga
24%
Beckham Law flat rate on employment income
6 yrs
Duration of Beckham Law regime
5.75% state + local surcharge
Maryland state income tax
Maryland's proximity to Washington DC means a high concentration of federal employees and contractors. Federal government pensions have specific treatment under the US-Spain DTA (Article 20: government pensions are taxed only by the paying country). Maryland also levies local income taxes, which cease entirely upon departure. Jacob Salama advises professionals and business owners from Maryland who are relocating to Spain on the full spectrum of US-Spain tax compliance: pre-departure asset planning, Beckham Law applications, FATCA, FBAR and Modelo 720 obligations, and ongoing dual-filing coordination. Whether you are based in Baltimore, Bethesda, Rockville, Annapolis, Silver Spring, the planning principles are consistent — but the details depend on your specific circumstances and asset mix.
The 1990 US-Spain DTA (as amended by the 2013 Protocol) governs the allocation of taxing rights between the two countries. For US citizens — unlike nationals of any other country — the treaty's Saving Clause (Article 1(4)) preserves the United States' right to tax its citizens on worldwide income regardless of Spanish residence. A US national from Maryland who becomes a Spanish tax resident remains fully subject to US federal income tax. The foreign tax credit mechanism under Article 24 of the DTA is the primary tool for avoiding economic double taxation, but its application requires careful sequencing with Spanish IRPF or Beckham Law calculations.
The Beckham Law (Article 93 LIRPF), as expanded by Spain's 2022 Startup Law, allows qualifying individuals becoming Spanish tax residents for the first time to be taxed at a flat 24% on Spanish-source employment income up to €600,000, rather than the progressive general IRPF rate (up to 47%). Most foreign-source income is excluded from Spanish IRPF during the Beckham period. For professionals from Maryland earning in dollars from a US employer, this means: the Spanish salary is taxed at 24%, while dividends, rental income, and capital gains from US assets may be entirely outside Spanish IRPF. The application is made via Modelo 149 within six months of Spanish social security registration.
US nationals who move from Maryland to Spain and become Spanish tax residents face three overlapping foreign asset reporting obligations. First, the FinCEN 114 (FBAR) requires disclosure of all foreign financial accounts exceeding $10,000 in aggregate at any point during the calendar year. Second, FATCA (Form 8938) requires separate disclosure of foreign financial assets above the applicable threshold. Third, Modelo 720 requires Spanish tax residents to declare foreign bank accounts, securities and real estate above €50,000 per category. Jacob coordinates all three streams to ensure full compliance and to identify voluntary disclosure opportunities where historical non-compliance exists.
Maryland state income tax (5.75% state + local surcharge) ceases to apply once you properly establish non-residency in Maryland. The key steps involve: (1) establishing a new domicile in Spain (or another state before Spain); (2) filing a part-year resident return for the year of departure; (3) ensuring you do not maintain a permanent place of abode in Maryland after departure; and (4) spending fewer than the statutory number of days in Maryland in future years. The exact rules vary by state and some states (notably California, New York, and New Jersey) are particularly aggressive in asserting continued residency. Jacob advises on the state-level exit process as part of the integrated US-Spain move planning.
Maryland imposes state income tax up to 5.75%, plus a county income tax surcharge of 2.25% to 3.2% depending on county (Montgomery County, where many federal contractor professionals live, is 3.2%). The combined state-plus-county rate can reach nearly 9% for Maryland residents in high-surcharge counties. Maryland's Comptroller applies an aggressive residency test — the 183-day statutory residency rule applies to those maintaining a Maryland home while spending 183+ days in the state.
Maryland's economy is significantly shaped by proximity to Washington DC and the federal government: defence contracting (Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Booz Allen Hamilton, Leidos — all based in Maryland), federal agency employment, biomedical research (NIH, FDA both headquartered in Montgomery County), Johns Hopkins University research hospital, cybersecurity, and financial services. Expats from Maryland moving to Spain include federal defence contractors, biotech researchers, healthcare professionals, and federal government employees.
For professionals relocating from Maryland to Spain, the Beckham Law (Article 93 LIRPF) — which allows a flat 24% rate on Spanish-source employment income up to €600,000 for the first six years — represents a potentially dramatic reduction in the effective income tax rate. When you factor in Maryland's state income tax rate of 5.75% on top of federal rates, the combined burden on earned income can approach ~45.75%+. Under Beckham Law in Spain, Spanish-source employment income is taxed at just 24%, and most foreign-source income (dividends, capital gains, interest from US assets) falls entirely outside the Spanish IRPF base during the Beckham period.
| Scenario | Top Effective Rate | Approx. Tax on $180k Income |
|---|---|---|
| US — Federal (37%) + MD (~8.75% (state+county)) | ~45.75%+ | ~$82,350 |
| Spain — Beckham Law (employment income) | 24% flat | ~€43,200 |
| Spain — Standard IRPF (no Beckham) | Up to 47% | ~€68,400+ |
Maryland exempts military retirement pay from state income tax. Other retirement income receives a modest exclusion (up to $34,300 for taxpayers over 65 who also qualify for the pension exclusion). Maryland's county surcharge applies to most retirement income. For high-income Maryland retirees, the combined state-plus-county rate makes Maryland relatively expensive; moving to Spain may be broadly cost-neutral or beneficial depending on the IRPF rate that applies.
Under Article 17 of the US-Spain Double Taxation Agreement (DTA), private pension and retirement account distributions (401(k), Traditional IRA, employer pension plans) are taxable in Spain — not the United States — once you are a Spanish tax resident. The US may withhold tax at source depending on the payer, but this withholding is creditable against your Spanish IRPF liability. The Roth IRA is a notable exception to this general rule: while the IRS treats Roth distributions as tax-free, Spain does not recognise the Roth's US tax-exempt status, potentially creating double taxation on Roth distributions. Planning your drawdown strategy before establishing Spanish residency is essential.
Key planning point for Maryland expats: Maryland-based defence contractors and federal employees considering a Spain relocation should be aware of two key issues: (1) US government employees working for the federal government remain subject to US taxation on that income — the DTA's government service article applies; (2) security clearances may be affected by establishing foreign residency — professional employment and security counsel should be consulted before a relocation decision is finalised.
Spanish wealth tax (Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio) applies to tax residents on their worldwide assets exceeding the personal allowance (€700,000 for residents, plus an additional €300,000 for the primary residence). For expats from Maryland with significant investment portfolios, property, or business interests, wealth tax is an important planning consideration. The rates range from 0.2% on the first tier to 3.5% on the highest. The choice of Spanish region of residence significantly affects wealth tax exposure: residents of Madrid enjoy a 100% bonificación (effectively zero wealth tax), while Andalucía has a 99% bonificación. In contrast, Cataluña and Comunitat Valenciana apply wealth tax in full. For high-net-worth individuals from Maryland with substantial assets, the choice of Spanish region of residence can result in wealth tax differences of tens of thousands of euros per year.
Under the Beckham Law special regime (Article 93 LIRPF), Spanish wealth tax applies only to Spanish-located assets — not worldwide assets — for the duration of the regime. This is an additional major advantage of the Beckham Law for wealthy expats from Maryland: for the first six years of Spanish residence, your US brokerage portfolio, IRA, 401(k), US real estate, and other US-located assets are entirely outside the Spanish wealth tax base. Once the Beckham period ends and you transition to the standard IRPF regime, worldwide wealth becomes assessable.
Many professionals from Baltimore and Bethesda in the defence contracting and biomedical sector are exploring remote work arrangements that allow them to live in Spain while continuing to work for their MD-based employer. This arrangement raises specific tax and compliance questions that must be addressed before the move.
A well-structured pre-departure process can significantly reduce your total tax burden and avoid costly compliance failures. Key steps for Maryland residents preparing to move to Spain include:
Why specialist advice matters: Moving from Maryland to Spain involves simultaneous US federal, MD state, and Spanish tax obligations. General advisors typically lack the cross-border expertise to optimise all three at once. Jacob Salama advises Maryland nationals moving to Spain on the complete picture — from pre-departure planning through the first Spanish IRPF return and beyond.
Moving from Maryland to Spain involves complex US-Spain tax interactions that general advisors miss. Jacob handles every private client case personally.
The content on this page is for general informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal or tax advice and does not create a lawyer-client relationship. Tax laws change frequently and their application depends on individual circumstances. Always obtain specific professional advice before taking any action. Jacob Salama — Salama Legal SLP — is a registered Spanish lawyer (Colegiado nº 11.294, ICAMálaga) and is not authorised to provide US or UK legal advice.